Red-, red-called turtles are Undoubtedly the most popular reptile lovers. These charming and very interesting animals live in swamps and sluggish rivers glachno in southern and southeastern United States.
Small critters bred on farms in large quantities are sold at very low prices in pet shops, causing not a few people buy them impulsively, not knowing what they were getting. These animals are definitely not for everyone - require much care and attention and better viewing live very long (up to 100 years!)
Unfortunately, however, sellers in pet shops are rarely interested in what you sell and often give false (via harmful) advice on keeping the poor beast, which for them is just "good." Also in pet shops can be found on many foods zakostenurki which will assure the trader is "the best staple food, but really are junk with almost no nutritional value and can only harm the turtle. Along with the small business flourish and sweet kostenurcheta trade kitschy, totally unsuitable for this purpose plastic aqua terariumcheta (with palmichki and other widgets) that are unsuitable for the required for each terrarium for turtles equipment - heater, thermometer, filter, lamp ...
Advice to anyone who has decided to acquire a water turtle is well to consider whether it it is the best pet, namely because:
- Grow quickly (contrary to what some dealers that are mini-turtles) and 1-2 years repeatedly increased its size, the females reach 30 cm and males up to 20 cm Therefore you must be prepared to provide them sufficiently large aqua-terrarium, the optimum size of 2-3 cm 120h50h50 turtles. Can be grown in a small terrarium, but it at least will not feel well, and overcrowding can lead to stress with all its consequences. An increase in the shell of it peel the top layer of tiles. Turtles changed their skin like lizards - the whitish "rags" that fall into the water.
- Very dirty water - even the turtles are fed outside the tank water they quickly look like a swamp. This pup kostenurcheta not a problem because the water they can often be changed, but the large aqua-terrarium already grown turtles necessarily have to get a powerful filter pump for an aquarium to be cleaned frequently, and also 1 / 3 of the water is changed every 1-2 weeks.
- You should eat a varied and full - this is a vital condition.True, it is easier to throw them a few shrimps of the shop daily, but this is extremely inappropriate and often leads to disease and subsequently to the death of poor animals. The food of small animals are given several times (2-3) during the day, while older animals eat in 1-2 days. The Bulgarian market are high quality imported foods, particularly for turtles, but they are not affordable for everyone, and also should not be the main menu of the turtle. For the successful cultivation of healthy and happy turtles varied diet plays a major role.Furthermore, young animals and females lay very important to the food to add calcium and vitamin D3. On the market are calcium supplements with Vitamin D3 specifically for reptiles, but failing that you can use finely crushed egg shells (calcium in any cases of people!). Small kostenurcheta dietary calcium is added 2 times a week and older animals - once every 1-2 weeks. Can be added to food and vitamins, but in a variety of homesteads is not necessarily needed.
Although predators, some of the menu of turtles should be of plant origin - the leaves of dandelion are best in this case because the ideal ratio of calcium / phosphorus. As with iguana spinach should not be fed because of high levels of a harmful acid inhibition of bone calcification.
Furthermore dandelion turtles eat a variety of fruits and vegetables, algae in the aquarium and the leaves of some toxic house plants - such as widespread hanging Tradestsantiya that if not eaten immediately root in water and becomes a beautiful decoration, serving as "salad". This is especially useful in winter when no leaves of dandelion, a salad with low nutritional value.
But as already mentioned turtles are carnivores, hunters.Great pleasure in supplying them to chase and catch live prey.This small kostenurcheta most often different live food fish - mosquito larvae, solnichni Rachel - Artemia (strained by salt water, which are sold!) And worms Tubifeks. The latter should be avoided because they are collected from extremely polluted waters and can carry diseases. Before being fed very well Tubifeksat should be washed in cold running water.Moreover, small kostenurcheta large appetite eat live freshwater shrimp - mamartsi (from fishing bait shop or collected under stones in a river), live crickets (sold food of some reptiles and spiders), other insects, small fish of an appropriate size (another unnecessary gupa aquarium) and others. As already mentioned gamarusat - or so-called dried shrimp and other dry foods cheap "especially for turtles" are not only inappropriate, but harmful and should be avoided. On kostenurchetata may also be given: yolk of boiled egg, small pieces of meat and fish and well soaked cat or dog dry food.Meats should be lean and not being cleaned of veins and bones and should not be a staple food because it contains a lot of phosphorus. Besides pieces of fish or meat calcium or vitamin supplements may be added in a little lukewarm water, which soaked dry cat food. It should however be careful with dry cat and dog food because if ingested before thoroughly before are soaked in water can be extended in the stomach of the turtle, and this may lead to fatal consequences.
Large turtles is best to be fed outside the aqua-terrarium, otherwise very dirty water - for example in the basin. For them also the rule for the most varied diet. Adults can eat and live fish (for fishing bait shop); fresh sprats (nesolena) - from fish bones in animals to obtain the necessary calcium and meat important fat-soluble Vit A and Vit E; pieces of lean meat and liver ; live worms and slugs, live crickets and other insects as well as a variety of fruits and vegetables.
Turtle terrarium must be sufficiently comprehensive, and most of it is occupied by water - at least as deep as 2 times the length of the largest turtle. It is true that small turtles should be kept in shallow, so as not to drown - this applies only to the first days after hatching them. In an aquarium must have a drought - a platform for baking "the sun" a little above the water, which leads to the sloping stairway. For adult turtles that lay now (4-5 years) land should be about 20 cm deep dish filled with sand, because if you have nowhere to lay their eggs females sometimes keep them to himself, which is very dangerous. Above the platform for baking about 30-40 cm must be mounted directional bulb (those with a silver base, which glow at one point and heat more than usual) with power 40-60 W, so that the temperature just below the bulb to be 35-40 ° C. The water temperature is maintained using a heater for an aquarium - small not less than 25-28 ° C, because otherwise they stop feeding and become susceptible to diseases. The optimum temperature for adult turtles is 18-22 ° C, but it is not so important as in smaller, provided that their light is provided for baking (though not lower than 17 ° C, because stopping to eat) . Grown healthy turtles can be grown in small ponds in the open in the summer (secured against escape), and some may be acclimated to winter outdoors, but it is not recommended because it is risky. In nature, red-eared sliders hibernate from December to February, but in captivity is rarely necessary - population in Florida, for example, where temperatures are high does not sleep hibernation. For large, well-fed turtles a winter vacation at 10-15 ° C and light six hours a day has blagopriatno affect reproduction.
These turtles are bred relatively easily in terrarium conditions - should of course be satisfied all conditions on the tank, temperature and nutrition and have a healthy pair of adult animals. Male turtles are smaller than females, the tail is thicker and longer and the claws of their front paws are significantly longer.
With the help of these nails male "tingle" feminine cheeks, stood facing it, trying to draw attention in. This courtship continues tential day when males are in the mood zarnrazmnozhavane. Often, if the female wherein the male became aggressive and began to bite. Not a good idea in a terrarium to grow more than one male because the weaker will be persecuted and harassed. If observed period of winter rest female turtles lay from March to May (otherwise at any time of year) from 4 to 20 eggs at intervals of several days. If you notice that your female turtle becomes restless, often out of the land and digging with the hind legs in the sand is a sure sign that it will soon lay. You must do everything possible to ensure peace and - the other occupants of the terrarium temporarily emigrated to not interfere, and you sure no one enters the room to not bother the animal and digging through the Internet for simple projects Incubators such as "DIY". After the first series of eggs distributions now in pre-excavated hole in it, bitch and bury them back in the water. Now is the time to carefully dig up and move their eggs in an incubator without turning them or change the situation in which are produced because it can kill a fetus. Within the next few days the female will distributions now several times. If fertilized eggs hatch after incubation for 65-105 days depending on temperature - at a lower temperature (28 ° C) hatch more males at higher (29 ° C) - more feminine.
Like all animals chevenobuzite turtles also suffer from diseases. More common are usually in consequence of the irregular condition of farming:
- Fungal eye inflammation - caused by improper uniform and eating foods low in Vit A (dried shrimp, etc.) and dirty water.Sick turtle has a swollen, almost closed eyes, stopping to eat and is less mobile, and without prompt treatment eventually died (unfortunately this happens to many turtles due to ignorance or negligence of the owners). In early stage disease is curable. Turtle is removed from the cage, which is disinfected with hot water, potassium permanganate (the pharmacy) or bleach solution. If there are other turtles, they bathe in very dilute solution of potassium permanganate (water is pale pink) for a few minutes and returned to the main disinfected terrarium and fed mainly on fish with the addition of Vit A (fish oil on dry cat food as ).
Sick turtle is placed in a disinfected container with a little boiled water - so that you can drink, but not wet their eyes.Includes non-stop lamp, the temperature must be higher than usual - 30 ° C water and air 40 ° C below the lamp. In the eyes and fall 3 times a day (in more advanced and more often) drops Sulfatsetamid - from human pharmacy, but when the eye is at least partially open. In more severe cases, you can try to open the eye with the help of something soft so you can Apply the medicine in it. It can also be used antibiotikov eye ointment - again from human medicine. Individual animals are fed forcibly (mouth open with the help of a plastic plate) with small pieces of fish with the addition of Vit A. All these procedures are very difficult when it concerns a little turtle, but it's a chance it edninstveniya be saved. In order not to get there is to feed the turtles its varied and full, and water to clean.
Rickets - another disease caused by poor nutrition. Causes of lack of calcium and Vit D. If it is a characteristic softening and deformation of the shell. In the initial stage can be treated with supplements of Vit D3 and calcium (especially for reptiles or crushed egg shells), combined with UV irradiation by UV light (UV lamps terrariums are expensive but can be used and small halogenki that are built suspended ceilings or in bars and also emit UV rays) or directly from the sun (but not through glass, because it stops UV rays). As prevention against this disease to the diet of turtles should be added Vit D3 and calcium (fish with bones too). - Injury - typically occur in fights with other turtles or incidents of inappropriate arrangement of the terrarium. Usually heal by themselves, but it is best to take the injured animal in a clean container with boiled water and to make bathrooms with a solution of potassium permanganate is 1-2 times dnevno.Poddarzha strict hygiene. A wound brush with antibiotikov greasy ointment to not develop abscess.
- Retention of eggs - unfortunately sometimes happens female turtle can not to lay all their eggs and the other in the body and cause a deadly inflammation. As sad as it sounds, better animal to be "dormant" for not trying. The West in "white" states that life-threatening condition is treatable by caesarean section, but unfortunately the majority of Bulgarian veterinarians have no concept of treating reptiles. Diseased animals visibly tormented and opens his mouth though lacks air - what can go wrong with choking or pneumonia, but it is a sign that the turtle experiencing unbearable pain and must be rescued from torment. Evidence that it is precisely jams, eggs is X-ray, which are visible eggs months after the turtle is lay, and reddish-brown streams of the cloaca. To reduce the risk of such unpleasant situations to ensure the turtle, which will lay vessel with sand and lay the necessary tranquility
- Inflammation of the lungs (pneumonia) - this disease is caused by bacteria in the lungs. Reason may be cold, a weakened immune system and poor nutrition. Diseased animal breathes with open mouth, stop eating and lose weight is inactive. Fortunately, in the early stages is treatable - suspected Pneumonitis immediately take the animal to a good vet who will give you an appropriate case for an antibiotic. Besides antibiotic treatment involves increasing the temperature more than normal (30 ° C water), the bulb lit for baking around the clock. Turtle can not stop eating - do not force it if it wants large, well-fed animals can withstand very long without food.
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